B. Philosophical Backgrounds

ALS THEORY: PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND

• ALs model was created for educational purposes after an extensive research review from clinical data’s, which were analyzed and determined for caring patients in hospitals and other situations (McEwen & Wills, 2011).

• Formulated in Universally recognized language, English (McEwen & Wills, 2011).

• The research revealed that the common core of nursing related to patients everyday living activities (Scott, 2004).

• These findings culminated in the creation of the first organized frame work for nursing knowledge and the emergence of a problem solving approach to individualized patient care (Scott, 2004). That is Nancy Roper's legacy to nursing.  

Nursing During 1970's & 1980's

 1970s and 1980s: The popularity and acceptance of nurse-midwifery increased dramatically (American college, n.d.) 

• 1970s: Nursing home scandals (Nickolsen, 2012). 

• 1971: The National Black Nurses Association and the American Assembly for Men in Nursing are established. The Miller Amendment on nursing homes (Nickolsen, 2012). 

• 1971 - The hospice movement is established in the United States when Florence Wald and her associates found Hospice, Inc (Paralumun, n.d.).

• 1973: The North American Nursing Diagnosis is founded (Nickolsen, 2012).

• 1973: ANA developed and published the first Standards of Nursing Practice (Matthews, 2012). 

• 1975: The National Association of Hispanic Nurses is founded (Nickolsen, 2012).

• 1979: Jean Watson known for her Theory of Human/Trans-personal Caring (American college, n.d.).

• 1980: ANA developed and published the first Nursing: A Social Policy Statement (Matthews, 2012).

• 1980 - The Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing, based upon the activities of daily living, is published (Paralumun, n.d.)

• 1987:  ANA developed and published the first Scope of Nursing Practice (Matthews, 2012).